| Ionic air purifiers | | | | Negative Ion Treatment for Seasonal Affective |
| Air ionizers are used in air purifiers. Airborne | | | | Disorder |
| particles are attracted to the electrode in an | | | | Published research shows that high levels of |
| effect similar to static electricity. These ions are | | | | negative ions are a useful treatment for Seasonal |
| de-ionized by seeking earthed conductors, such as | | | | affective disorder if the negative ions are in |
| walls and ceilings. To increase the efficiency of this | | | | sufficient density (quantity). Note that this is a |
| process, some commercial products provide such | | | | separate issue from air cleaning claims or ozone |
| surfaces within the device. The frequency of | | | | generation that happens in some devices that also |
| nosocomial infections in British hospitals prompted | | | | generate negative ions. |
| the National Health Service (NHS) to research the | | | | One of the pioneers in this area is Michael |
| effectiveness of anions for air purification. Recent | | | | Terman, Ph.D., Director of the Center for Light |
| SARS outbreaks have fueled the desire for | | | | Treatment and Biological Rhythms at Columbia |
| personal ionizers in the Far East, including Japan | | | | University Medical Center and director of the |
| (where many products have been specialized to | | | | Clinical Chronobiology Program at New York State |
| contain negative ion generators, including | | | | Psychiatric Institute. As described in Psychiatry |
| toothbrushes, refrigerators, air conditioners, air | | | | Online, Terman and several coworkers obtained |
| cleaners and washing machines). There are no | | | | preliminary evidence that a simulated dawn could |
| specific standards for these devices. Notebook | | | | reduce the symptoms of seasonal affective |
| producers ASUS have now started to include air | | | | disorder. As a side effect of their research, they |
| ionizers in their computers. | | | | learned that high-density negative air ionization |
| Ions versus ozone | | | | could have the same effect. Clinical research has |
| Ionisers should not be confused with ozone | | | | been published through Columbia University, |
| generators, even though both devices operate in | | | | American Journal of Psychiatry/APA, 2006 and |
| a similar way. Ionisers use electrostatically charged | | | | Archives of General Psychiatry, Columbia |
| plates to produce positively or negatively charged | | | | University, and New York State Psychiatric |
| gas ions that particulate matter sticks to (in an | | | | Institute, 1998 and Journal of Alternative |
| effect similar to static electricity). Ozone | | | | Complementary Medicine, Columbia University |
| generators are optimised to attract an extra | | | | 1995. |
| oxygen ion to an O2 molecule, using either a | | | | See also |
| corona discharge tube or UV light. Even the best | | | | Electrostatic precipitator |
| ionisers will produce a small amount of ozone, and | | | | Humidifier |
| ozone generators will produce gaseous ions of | | | | Negative air ionization therapy |
| molecules other than ozone (unless fed by pure | | | | Seasonal affective disorder |
| oxygen, not air).[citation needed] | | | | References |
| At high concentrations, ozone can also be toxic to | | | | ^ "Air ionizers wipe out hospital infections". The |
| air-borne bacteria, and may destroy or kill these | | | | New Scientist. Retrieved 2006-08-30. |
| sometimes infectious organisms. However, the | | | | ^ |
| needed concentrations are toxic enough to | | | | ^ "TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS; CHAPTER |
| humans and animals that the FDA explicitly | | | | I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION |
| demands ozone therapy not be used as medical | | | | DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN |
| treatment, and has taken action against | | | | SERVICES; SUBCHAPTER H--MEDICAL DEVICES". |
| businesses that fail to comply with this regulation. | | | | U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Pure ozone is a highly toxic and extremely | | | | website. Retrieved 2006-08-30. |
| reactive gas. A higher daily average than 0.1 ppm | | | | ^ Kurtzweil P (1999). "Ozone generators generate |
| (0.2 mg/m) is not recommended and can | | | | prison terms for couple". FDA Consum 33 (6): 367. |
| damage the lungs and olfactory bulb cells directly. | | | | PMID 10628316. |
| Consumer Reports court case | | | | ^ "Ozone: Good Up High, Bad Nearby". |
| Consumer Reports, a non-profit U.S.-based | | | | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Website. |
| product-testing magazine, reported in October | | | | Retrieved 2006-08-30. |
| 2003 that air ionizers do not perform to high | | | | ^ "Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air |
| enough standards compared to conventional HEPA | | | | Cleaners: An Assessment of Effectiveness and |
| air filters. The exception was a combination unit | | | | Health Consequences". EPA Website. Retrieved |
| that used a fan to move air while ionizing it. In | | | | 2006-08-30. |
| response to this report, The Sharper Image, a | | | | ^ "Sharper Image pays $525,000 to end lawsuit |
| manufacturer of air ionizers (among other | | | | against CU". Consumer Reports. 2006-08-06. |
| products), sued Consumer's Union (the publishers | | | | ^ a b |
| of Consumer Reports) for product defamation. | | | | ^ |
| Consumer Reports gave the Ionic Breeze and | | | | ^ Archives of General Psychiatry, 1998. |
| other popular units a "fail" because they have a | | | | 1998;55:875-882 |
| low Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR). CADR | | | | ^ |
| measures the amount of filtered air circulated | | | | External links |
| during a short period of time, and was originally | | | | Look up ionizer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
| designed to rate media-based air cleaners. The | | | | New Scientist - Air ionisers wipe out hospital |
| Sharper Image claimed that this test was a poor | | | | infections |
| way to rate the Ionic Breeze, since it does not | | | | Do "corona discharge" devices alleviate asthma? |
| take into account other features, such as 24-hour | | | | Overview of electrofilter precipitator |
| a day continuous cleaning, ease of maintenance, | | | | NIOSH Immediate Danger to Life or Health |
| and silent operation. The U.S. District Court for the | | | | (Ozone) Documentation |
| Northern District of California subsequently struck | | | | Ionic Air Purifiers and Smog |
| down The Sharper Image's complaint and | | | | The Negative-Ion Myth |
| dismissed the case, reasoning that The Sharper | | | | Article regarding ionic air purifiers from the Los |
| Image had failed to demonstrate that it could | | | | Angeles Times |
| prove any of the statements made by Consumer | | | | Air ion behavior in ventilated rooms Indoor and |
| Reports were false. The Court's final ruling in May | | | | Built Environment, 17 (2). pp. 173-182., Fletcher, |
| 2005 ordered The Sharper Image to pay | | | | L.A., Noakes, C.J., Sleigh, P.A., Beggs, C.B. and |
| $525,000 USD for Consumer Union's legal | | | | Shepherd, S.J. |
| expenses. | | | | |