"Filterless" Air Purifier, Too good to be True?

An air filter is a sieve that catches airborneactually have filters, or have problems, costs, and
particles, human and pet hair, volatile chemicals,limitations not mentioned in advertising.
and odors, removing them from the air. But manyIonizers
filterless air purifiers filter less! A central vacuumWhile many filtered air purifiers are marketed as
cleaner system just blows the dirt outside, but air"ionic", true ionizers simply emit ions into the air.
purifiers without filters must do something withThese cause airborne particles to clump together,
the impurities removed from the air.growing until they become heavy enough to fall
The air purification market is filled with shamelessto the floor or stick to walls, draperies, and
hucksters pushing "free" goods or using arcanefurniture.
terminology to obscure the dangers or costs ofWhile simple ionizer air purifiers are filterless, the
their products. It's well known that one major airdirt is not gone. It will become airborne again
cleaner marketing scam is selling the filtered airwhen weather changes or drafts stir. Ionizers
purifier cheap as a loss leader for high pricedgather only particles, so unless they have high
replacement filters. But just as frequent is theozone emissions there is no chemical/odor
"costless" siren song about never having to buyremoval.
replacement filters.Ionizers using both polarities, positive and negative,
The notion of an effortless air purifier sureto charge airborne impurities, can create an
appeals to me. That's why I like automaticoxidation environment which surrounds water
operation and air filter replacement intervals up tomolecules in the air, destroying particles and
5 years. While that is close to the lowest possibleinactivating microorganisms. Called
user exertion, and is very low maintenance, it is"plasmaclusters", this is typically incorporated as an
not filterless.add on to HEPA filtered machines.
ElectrostaticPhotocatalytic Oxidation: "PCO"
The majority of air cleaners sold as not requiringThe air purifying technology which has the best
replacement air filter media are electronic:chance of producing a truely filterless air purifier is
electrostatic precipitators. This includes marketphotocatalytic oxidation (PCO).
leaders Ionic Breeze, Oreck, and Friedrich C90, asNo filters are required for PCO systems, which
well as a host of filterless air purifier wannabees.may be as simple as a single painted florescent
These air cleaners electrically charge airbornelight bulb. Ultraviolet rays excite metal
impurities and then gather them on an oppositelysemiconductors, which produce oxidants capable
charged collectors or grids. Where does theof destroying smaller particulates, chemicals, and
accumulated mess go? Inside the air purifier! Mostodors.
of it builds up on the metal collection plates orSince the tiniest particles are the deadliest and
grids.most difficult to filter conventionally, PCO is a
These collectors must be cleaned very frequently,technological breakthrough.
or they begin to let dirty air slip past. As timePollutants, both chemicals and particles, are not
passes, especially where there is cigarettecaptured, they are vaporized, gone, changed into
smoking or grease frying, the collector plates buildcarbon dioxide and water. While PCO can actually
up an oxidized film layer.be filterless, filters are usually used to capture
This film layer can be very difficult to remove.larger particles, to big to burn up.
When this insulation builds up, electrostatic forcesPhotocat systems still require annual replacement
of attraction diminish, leading to bypassing,of the ultraviolet lamp, so are not zero
sparking, and lowered capture rates. Particles maymaintenance.
also stick to the inner parts and surfaces of theA couple examples of PCO purifiers are the
machine, pouring out when it is turned on. SoNanobreeze and Pionair
many so-called filterless air purifiers end up beingHEPA filtered air purifier technology is the
the filter.standard by which emerging filterless air purifier
Once the colector plate is oxidized, wires andconcepts are evaluated. No perfect filter free air
connectors damaged, or surfaces poorly matedcleaner has been developed, most have risks or
causing arching and ozone, you get to buy a newdefects. I encourage everyone to try the PCO
collector plate. These are costly.and Plasmacluster technologies, and not to be
So the electrostatic models are not really filterless.fooled by pie in the sky marketing.
Electrostatic "filterless" air cleaning devices may